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TECHNO-ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF DIFFERENT PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:
Muharrem Hilmi Aksoy1
, Murat Ispir1
1Konya Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Konya, Turkey
Received: 4 December 2022
Revised: 5 February 2023
Accepted: 14 February 2023
Published: 31 March 2023
Abstract:
This study modeled monocrystalline (mono-Si), polycrystalline (poly-Si), and amorphous silicon (a-Si) Photovoltaic (PV) systems with a 300 kWp installed power using PVsyst software in Konya province, Turkey. The system’s electricity generation was calculated and compared with different PV technologies. In addition, an economic analysis for a 25 year lifespan was made with the obtained data. The annual global horizontal radiation (GI) and effective global irradiation (GE) are found to be 2001.7 kWh/m2 and 1949.6 kWh/m2, respectively. The highest yearly total electricity production was obtained from mono-Si, with a value of 513.91 MWh. This value is 1.91% and 3.07% higher than poly-Si and a-Si, respectively. Since the Performance Ratio (PR) values are proportional to the generated electricity and incoming irradiation to the surface of the PV panels, it calculated 0.853, 0.847, and 0.830 for mono-Si, poly-Si, and a-Si, respectively. According to the basic payback method, the economic analysis showed that mono-Si and poly-Si pay off in about 5.8-5.9 years, while a-Si pays off in 9,1 years. A net profit of $1.5 million, $1.45 million, and $1.1 million was obtained from mono-Si, poly-Si, and a-Si, respectively. It was concluded that the ratio of income values to investment cost was 253%, 244.77%, and 126.6%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that mono-Si and poly-Si are economically quite feasible for small and medium-scale PV systems, but a-Si is still not feasible due to lower efficiency and higher costs.
Keywords:
Amorphous silicon, economic analysis, monocrystalline, polycrystalline, PVsyst
References:
[1] A.N. Ašonja, J.Z. Rajković, An Energy Consumption Analysis on Public Applications in the City of Novi Sad. Applied Engineering Letters, 2(3), 2017: 115-120.
[2] A. Evans, V. Strezov, T.J. Evans, Assessment of Sustainability Indicators for Renewable Energy Technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(5), 2009: 1082-1088.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.03.008
[3] T. Ghazouani, Dynamic Impact of Globalization on Renewable Energy Consumption: NonParametric Modelling Evidence. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 185, 2022: 122115.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122115
[4] M. Bulut, Integrated Solar Power Project Based on CSP And PV Technologies for Southeast of Turkey. International Journal of Green Energy, 19(6), 2022: 603-613. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2021.1954006
[5] Y. Shanga, D. Han, G. Gozgor, M.K. Mahalik, B.K. Sahoo, The Impact of Climate Policy Oncertainty on Renewable and NonRenewable Energy Demand in the United States. Renewable Energy, 197(1), 2022: 654- 667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.07.159
[6] IRENA, Renewable Capacity Statistics 2022. https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Renewable-Capacity-Statistics-2022 (Accessed 15.01.2023)
[7] R. Gross, M. Leach, A. Bauen, Progress in Renewable Energy. Environment International, 29(1), 2003: 105-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00130-7
[8] F. Kose, M.H. Aksoy, M. Ozgoren, Experimental Investigation of Solar/Wind Hybrid System for Irrigation in Konya, Turkey. Thermal Science, 23(1), 2019: 4129-4139. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI180515293K
[9] S. Prvulovic, M. Lambic, M. Matic, D. Tolmac, L. Radovanovic, L. Josimovic, Solar energy in Vojvodina (Serbia): Potential, Scope of Use, and Development Perspective. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 11(12), 2016: 1111-1117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2013.841307
[10] A. Yalçın, D. Memnun, D. Serhat, Sinop Province’s Solar Power Generation Potential in Comparison With Our Country and Germany. El-Cezeri, 5(1), 2018: 35-44. (in Turkish). https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.340459
[11] H.E. Colak, T. Memisoglu, Y. Gercek, Optimal Site Selection for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Plants Using GIS And AHP: A Case Study of Malatya Province, Turkey. Renewable Energy, 149, 2020: 565-576.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.078
[12] T. Saga, Advances in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Technology for Industrial Mass Production. NPG Asia Materials, 2, 2010: 96-102. https://doi.org/10.1038/asiamat.2010.82
[13] V.V. Tyagi, N.A.A. Rahim, N.A. Rahim, J.A.L. Selvaraj, Progress in Solar PV Technology: Research and Achievement. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 20, 2013: 443-461.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.09.028
[14] C.E.C. Nogueira, J. Bedin, R.K. Niedzialkoski, S. N.M de Souza, J.C.M. das Neves, Performance of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Solar Panels in a Water Pumping System in Brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51(1), 2015: 1610-1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.082
[15] M.O. Karaağac, H. Oğul, F. Bulut, Evaluation of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Panels in Sinop Province Conditions. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, 10(1), 2021: 176-181.
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.855488
[16] S. Prvulovic, D. Tolmac, M. Matic, L. Radovanovic, M. Lambic, Some Aspects of the Use of Solar Energy in Serbia. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 13(4), 2018: 237-245.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2012.714842
[17] M.A. Green, Silicon Photovoltaic Modules: A Brief History of the First 50 Years. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 13(5), 2005: 447-455. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.612
[18] IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2018.
https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/May/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2018 (Accessed 24.10.2022).
[19] A. Jäger-Waldau, Snapshot of Photovoltaics − February 2018. EPJ Photovoltaics, 9(6), 2018: 6-11.
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2018004
[20] F. Dincer, The Analysis on Photovoltaic Electricity Generation Status, Potential and Policies of the Leading Countries in Solar Energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(1), 2011: 713-720.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.026
[21] V. Benda, L. Černá, PV Cells and Modules – State of the Art, Limits and Trends. Heliyon, 6(12), 2020: E05666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05666
[22] D.K. Sharma, V. Verma, A.P. Singh, Review and Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Softwares. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 4(2), 2014: 725-731.
[23] A. Etci, A. K. Bilhan, Modeling of Fixed and Dual Axis Solar Tracking Systems in Konya by Using Pvsyst. European Journal of Science and Technology, (32), 2022: 142-147. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1039800
[24] E. Akcan, M. Kuncan, M.R. Minaz, Modeling and Simulation of 30 kW Grid Connected Photovoltaic System with PVsyst Software. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (18), 2020: 248-261. (in Turkish).
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.685909
[25] C.P. Kandasamy, P. Prabu, K. Niruba, Solar Potential Assessment Using PVSYST Software. 2013 International Conference on Green Computing, Communication and Conservation of Energy (ICGCE), 12-14 December 2013, Chennai, India, pp.667-672. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGCE.2013.6823519
[26] M.H. Aksoy, M.K. Çalik, Performance Investigation of Bifacial Photovoltaic Panels at Different Ground Conditions. Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences, 10(3), 2022: 704-718.
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1116729
[27] M.H. Aksoy, I. Çiylez, M. İspir, Effect of Azimuth Angle on The Performance of a Small-Scale onGrid PV System. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, 11(4), 2022: 42-49. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1179350
[28] N. Bansal, S.P. Jaiswal, G. Singh, Long Term Performance Assessment and Loss Analysis of 9 MW Grid Tied PV Plant in India. Materials Today: Proceedings, 60(2), 2022: 1056-1067.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.263
[29] A. Boduch, K. Mik, R. Castro, P. Zawadzki, Technical and Economic Assessment of a 1 MWP Floating Photovoltaic System in Polish conditions. Renewable Energy, 196, 2022: 983-994.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.07.032
[30] A. Soualmia, R. Chenni, Modeling and simulation of 15MW Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using PVsyst Software. 2016 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), 4-17 November 2016, Marrakech, Morocco, pp.702-705. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2016.7984069
[31] T. Trainer, Renewable Energy Cannot Sustain a Consumer Society, First ed. Springer, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5549-2
[32] S. Abdelhady, Performance and Cost Evaluation of Solar Dish Power Plant: Sensitivity Analysis of Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and Net Present Value (NPV). Renewable Energy, 168, 2021: 332-342.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.12.074
[33] F. Kose, M.H. Aksoy, M. Ozgoren, An Assessment of Wind Energy Potential to Meet Electricity Demand and Economic Feasibility in Konya, Turkey. International Journal of Green Energy, 11(6), 2014: 559-579.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2013.773512
[34] K.V. Vidyanandan, An Overview of Factors Affecting the Performance of Solar PV Systems. Energy Scan. A House Journal of Corporate Planning, 27(1), 2017: 2-8.
[35] The central bank of the Turkish Republic, Reeskont ve Avans Faiz Oranları.
https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Temel+Faaliyetler/Para+Politikasi/Reeskont+ve+Avans+Faiz+Oranlari (Accessed 11.11.2022).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Volume 10
Number 1
March 2025
Last Edition
Volume 10
Number 1
March 2025
How to Cite
M.H. Aksoy, M. Ispir, Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Photovoltaic Technologies. Applied Engineering Letters, 8(1), 2023: 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1
More Citation Formats
Aksoy, M. H., & Ispir, M. (2023). Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Photovoltaic Technologies. Applied Engineering Letters, 8(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1
Aksoy, Muharrem Hilmi, and Murat Ispir. “Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Photovoltaic Technologies.” Applied Engineering Letters, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023, pp .1-9. https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1.
Aksoy, Muharrem Hilmi, and Murat Ispir. 2023. “Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Photovoltaic Technologies.” Applied Engineering Letters 8 (1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1.
Aksoy, M.H. and Ispir, M. (2023). Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Photovoltaic Technologies. Applied Engineering Letters, 8(1), pp.1-9. doi: 10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1.
TECHNO-ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF DIFFERENT PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:
Muharrem Hilmi Aksoy1
, Murat Ispir1
1Konya Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Konya, Turkey
Received: 4 December 2022
Revised: 5 February 2023
Accepted: 14 February 2023
Published: 31 March 2023
Abstract:
This study modeled monocrystalline (mono-Si), polycrystalline (poly-Si), and amorphous silicon (a-Si) Photovoltaic (PV) systems with a 300 kWp installed power using PVsyst software in Konya province, Turkey. The system’s electricity generation was calculated and compared with different PV technologies. In addition, an economic analysis for a 25 year lifespan was made with the obtained data. The annual global horizontal radiation (GI) and effective global irradiation (GE) are found to be 2001.7 kWh/m2 and 1949.6 kWh/m2, respectively. The highest yearly total electricity production was obtained from mono-Si, with a value of 513.91 MWh. This value is 1.91% and 3.07% higher than poly-Si and a-Si, respectively. Since the Performance Ratio (PR) values are proportional to the generated electricity and incoming irradiation to the surface of the PV panels, it calculated 0.853, 0.847, and 0.830 for mono-Si, poly-Si, and a-Si, respectively. According to the basic payback method, the economic analysis showed that mono-Si and poly-Si pay off in about 5.8-5.9 years, while a-Si pays off in 9,1 years. A net profit of $1.5 million, $1.45 million, and $1.1 million was obtained from mono-Si, poly-Si, and a-Si, respectively. It was concluded that the ratio of income values to investment cost was 253%, 244.77%, and 126.6%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that mono-Si and poly-Si are economically quite feasible for small and medium-scale PV systems, but a-Si is still not feasible due to lower efficiency and higher costs.
Keywords:
Amorphous silicon, economic analysis, monocrystalline, polycrystalline, PVsyst
References:
[1] A.N. Ašonja, J.Z. Rajković, An Energy Consumption Analysis on Public Applications in the City of Novi Sad. Applied Engineering Letters, 2(3), 2017: 115-120.
[2] A. Evans, V. Strezov, T.J. Evans, Assessment of Sustainability Indicators for Renewable Energy Technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(5), 2009: 1082-1088.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.03.008
[3] T. Ghazouani, Dynamic Impact of Globalization on Renewable Energy Consumption: NonParametric Modelling Evidence. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 185, 2022: 122115.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122115
[4] M. Bulut, Integrated Solar Power Project Based on CSP And PV Technologies for Southeast of Turkey. International Journal of Green Energy, 19(6), 2022: 603-613. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2021.1954006
[5] Y. Shanga, D. Han, G. Gozgor, M.K. Mahalik, B.K. Sahoo, The Impact of Climate Policy Oncertainty on Renewable and NonRenewable Energy Demand in the United States. Renewable Energy, 197(1), 2022: 654- 667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.07.159
[6] IRENA, Renewable Capacity Statistics 2022. https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Renewable-Capacity-Statistics-2022 (Accessed 15.01.2023)
[7] R. Gross, M. Leach, A. Bauen, Progress in Renewable Energy. Environment International, 29(1), 2003: 105-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00130-7
[8] F. Kose, M.H. Aksoy, M. Ozgoren, Experimental Investigation of Solar/Wind Hybrid System for Irrigation in Konya, Turkey. Thermal Science, 23(1), 2019: 4129-4139. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI180515293K
[9] S. Prvulovic, M. Lambic, M. Matic, D. Tolmac, L. Radovanovic, L. Josimovic, Solar energy in Vojvodina (Serbia): Potential, Scope of Use, and Development Perspective. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 11(12), 2016: 1111-1117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2013.841307
[10] A. Yalçın, D. Memnun, D. Serhat, Sinop Province’s Solar Power Generation Potential in Comparison With Our Country and Germany. El-Cezeri, 5(1), 2018: 35-44. (in Turkish). https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.340459
[11] H.E. Colak, T. Memisoglu, Y. Gercek, Optimal Site Selection for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Plants Using GIS And AHP: A Case Study of Malatya Province, Turkey. Renewable Energy, 149, 2020: 565-576.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.078
[12] T. Saga, Advances in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Technology for Industrial Mass Production. NPG Asia Materials, 2, 2010: 96-102. https://doi.org/10.1038/asiamat.2010.82
[13] V.V. Tyagi, N.A.A. Rahim, N.A. Rahim, J.A.L. Selvaraj, Progress in Solar PV Technology: Research and Achievement. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 20, 2013: 443-461.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.09.028
[14] C.E.C. Nogueira, J. Bedin, R.K. Niedzialkoski, S. N.M de Souza, J.C.M. das Neves, Performance of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Solar Panels in a Water Pumping System in Brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51(1), 2015: 1610-1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.082
[15] M.O. Karaağac, H. Oğul, F. Bulut, Evaluation of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Panels in Sinop Province Conditions. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, 10(1), 2021: 176-181.
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.855488
[16] S. Prvulovic, D. Tolmac, M. Matic, L. Radovanovic, M. Lambic, Some Aspects of the Use of Solar Energy in Serbia. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 13(4), 2018: 237-245.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2012.714842
[17] M.A. Green, Silicon Photovoltaic Modules: A Brief History of the First 50 Years. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 13(5), 2005: 447-455. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.612
[18] IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2018.
https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/May/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2018 (Accessed 24.10.2022).
[19] A. Jäger-Waldau, Snapshot of Photovoltaics − February 2018. EPJ Photovoltaics, 9(6), 2018: 6-11.
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2018004
[20] F. Dincer, The Analysis on Photovoltaic Electricity Generation Status, Potential and Policies of the Leading Countries in Solar Energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(1), 2011: 713-720.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.026
[21] V. Benda, L. Černá, PV Cells and Modules – State of the Art, Limits and Trends. Heliyon, 6(12), 2020: E05666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05666
[22] D.K. Sharma, V. Verma, A.P. Singh, Review and Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Softwares. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 4(2), 2014: 725-731.
[23] A. Etci, A. K. Bilhan, Modeling of Fixed and Dual Axis Solar Tracking Systems in Konya by Using Pvsyst. European Journal of Science and Technology, (32), 2022: 142-147. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1039800
[24] E. Akcan, M. Kuncan, M.R. Minaz, Modeling and Simulation of 30 kW Grid Connected Photovoltaic System with PVsyst Software. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (18), 2020: 248-261. (in Turkish).
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.685909
[25] C.P. Kandasamy, P. Prabu, K. Niruba, Solar Potential Assessment Using PVSYST Software. 2013 International Conference on Green Computing, Communication and Conservation of Energy (ICGCE), 12-14 December 2013, Chennai, India, pp.667-672. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGCE.2013.6823519
[26] M.H. Aksoy, M.K. Çalik, Performance Investigation of Bifacial Photovoltaic Panels at Different Ground Conditions. Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences, 10(3), 2022: 704-718.
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1116729
[27] M.H. Aksoy, I. Çiylez, M. İspir, Effect of Azimuth Angle on The Performance of a Small-Scale onGrid PV System. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, 11(4), 2022: 42-49. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1179350
[28] N. Bansal, S.P. Jaiswal, G. Singh, Long Term Performance Assessment and Loss Analysis of 9 MW Grid Tied PV Plant in India. Materials Today: Proceedings, 60(2), 2022: 1056-1067.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.263
[29] A. Boduch, K. Mik, R. Castro, P. Zawadzki, Technical and Economic Assessment of a 1 MWP Floating Photovoltaic System in Polish conditions. Renewable Energy, 196, 2022: 983-994.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.07.032
[30] A. Soualmia, R. Chenni, Modeling and simulation of 15MW Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using PVsyst Software. 2016 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), 4-17 November 2016, Marrakech, Morocco, pp.702-705. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2016.7984069
[31] T. Trainer, Renewable Energy Cannot Sustain a Consumer Society, First ed. Springer, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5549-2
[32] S. Abdelhady, Performance and Cost Evaluation of Solar Dish Power Plant: Sensitivity Analysis of Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and Net Present Value (NPV). Renewable Energy, 168, 2021: 332-342.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.12.074
[33] F. Kose, M.H. Aksoy, M. Ozgoren, An Assessment of Wind Energy Potential to Meet Electricity Demand and Economic Feasibility in Konya, Turkey. International Journal of Green Energy, 11(6), 2014: 559-579.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2013.773512
[34] K.V. Vidyanandan, An Overview of Factors Affecting the Performance of Solar PV Systems. Energy Scan. A House Journal of Corporate Planning, 27(1), 2017: 2-8.
[35] The central bank of the Turkish Republic, Reeskont ve Avans Faiz Oranları.
https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Temel+Faaliyetler/Para+Politikasi/Reeskont+ve+Avans+Faiz+Oranlari (Accessed 11.11.2022).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Volume 10
Number 1
March 2025
Last Edition
Volume 10
Number 1
March 2025
How to Cite
M.H. Aksoy, M. Ispir, Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Photovoltaic Technologies. Applied Engineering Letters, 8(1), 2023: 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1
More Citation Formats
Aksoy, M. H., & Ispir, M. (2023). Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Photovoltaic Technologies. Applied Engineering Letters, 8(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1
Aksoy, Muharrem Hilmi, and Murat Ispir. “Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Photovoltaic Technologies.” Applied Engineering Letters, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023, pp .1-9. https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1.
Aksoy, Muharrem Hilmi, and Murat Ispir. 2023. “Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Photovoltaic Technologies.” Applied Engineering Letters 8 (1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1.
Aksoy, M.H. and Ispir, M. (2023). Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Photovoltaic Technologies. Applied Engineering Letters, 8(1), pp.1-9. doi: 10.18485/aeletters.2023.8.1.1.