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HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOW-THROUGH BRIDGE OPENINGS
Authors:
Saad Mulahasan1, Ahmed Y. Mohammed2
1Al-Mustansiriyah University, Water Resources Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq
2University of Mosul, College of Engineering, Dams and Water Resources Department, Mosul, Iraq
Received: 31.01.2021.
Accepted: 10.03.2021.
Available: 31.03.2021.
Abstract:
Flow-through a bridge opening may run either partially or fully. In this research, backwater rise, hydraulic loss coefficient, and drag coefficient for two bridge models and three flow conditions are investigated. Based on the dimensional analysis theory, an equation was developed to calculate the water level difference Δh between the upstream and the downstream for the bridge models. Results showed that the derived equation of the backwater rise is valuable to the experimental data which showed a percentage error not exceed 5%. The hydraulic loss coefficient CL and the drag coefficient CD were calculated. The drag coefficient values for the lateral constriction models are ranged from 0.5 to 2.0, and for the submerged bridge, the model was in the range of (0.5-3.5) with an average of 2.1. The impact of the blockage ratio on the hydraulic loss coefficient showed an increase of 1-2 times when the blockage was changed from 0.70 to 0.483.
Keywords
Loss coefficient; bridge opening; open channel flow, pier, drag coefficients
References:
[1] B. Akers, O. Bokhove, Hydraulic flow through a channel contraction: multiple steady states. Physics of Fluids, 20(5), 2008: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2909659
[2] S. Kara, S. Mulahasan, S. Thorsten, T.W. Sturm, Water surface response to flow through bridge opening, Presented at: Proceedings 7th International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow), Lausanne, Switzerland, 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17133-95
[3] S. Malavasi, A. Guadagnini, Interactions between a rectangular cylinder and a freesurface flow. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 23 (8), 2007: 1137-1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2007.04.002
[4] J. Hunt, G. Brunner, Flow transitions in bridge backwater analysis US Army Corps of Engineers, Institute of Water Resources, Hydrological Engineering Centre, Research Document No.42, 1995.
[5] J. Martin-Vide, J. Prio, Backwater of arch bridges under free and submerged conditions. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 43(5), 2005: 515-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2007.04.002
[6] S. Al-Hashimi, S.A.T. Al-Osmy, S. Mulahasan, Water surface profile and flow pattern simulation over a bridge deck slab. Journal of Engineering and Technology, 15 (1), 2020:291-304.
[7] C. Suribabu, R. Sabarish, R. Narasimham, A. Chandharu, Backwater rise and drag characteristics of bridge piers under subcritical flow conditions EWRA European Water 36, 2011: 27-35.
[8] D. Yarnell, Bridge piers as channel obstructions, Technical Bulletin No. 442, United States Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C, 1934.
[9] J. Dravidian, P. Carrigan, J. Shen, Flow through openings in width constrictions, River Hydraulic, Geological Survey WaterSupply Paper 1369-D, United States Government, Washington, 1962. https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1369D
[10] T. Pieck, A. Havlik, D. Mattas, K. Mares, Hydraulic calculation of bridges at high water stages. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 45 (3), 2007: 400-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2007.9521773
[11] A. Barbhuiya. S. Dey, Turbulent flow measurement by the ADV in the vicinity of a rectangular cross-section cylinder placed at a channel sidewall. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 15 (4), 2004: 221-237.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2004.02.002
[12] A. Sarker, Flow measurement around scoured bridge piers using Acoustic-Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 9 (4), 1998: 217-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-5986(98)00028-4
[13] S. Dey, A. Barbhuiyab, Velocity and turbulence in a scour hole at a vertical-wall abutment. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 17 (1), 2006: 13-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2005.08.005
[14] S. Kara, T. Stoesser, T.W. Sturm, S. Mulahasan, Flow dynamics through a submerged bridge opening with overtopping. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 53(2), 2015:186-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2014.967821
[15] Y. Veliskvai, Z. Chara, R. Schugerl, R. Dulovicovaiter, CFD simulation of flow behind overflood obstacle. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 66 (4), 2018: 448-456. https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2018-0028
[16] K.S. Yoon, S.O. Lee, S.H. Hong, Time-averaged turbulent flow field through the various bridge contractions during large flooding. Water, 11 (1), 2019: 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010143
[17] T.K.C. Thai, Numerical simulation of the turbulent flow over submerged bridge decks. Magazine of Civil Engineering, 85 (1), 2019:15-27. https://doi.org/10.18720/MCE.85.2
[18] S. Mulahasan, T. Stoesser, Flow resistance of in-line vegetation in open channel flow. International Journal of River Basin Management, 15 (3),2017: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2017.1307847
[19] F.H. Robertson, G.F. Lane-Serff, Drag on pairs of square section obstacles in free-surface flows. Phys. Rev. Fluids, 3 (12), 2018: 123802. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.123802
[20] V. Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics. McGraw Hill company, 1959, p.388.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Volume 9
Number 3
September 2024
Last Edition
Volume 9
Number 3
September 2024
How to Cite
S. Mulahasan, A.Y. Mohammed, Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow-Through Bridge Openings. Applied Engineering Letters, 6(1), 2021: 21–28.
https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2021.6.1.3
More Citation Formats
Mulahasan, S., & Mohammed, A. Y. (2021). Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow-Through Bridge Openings. Applied Engineering Letters, 6(1), 21–28.
https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2021.6.1.3
Mulahasan, Saad, and Ahmed Y. Mohammed. “Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow-through Bridge Openings.” Applied Engineering Letters, vol. 6, no. 1, 2021, pp. 21–28, https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2021.6.1.3.
Mulahasan, Saad, and Ahmed Y. Mohammed. 2021. “Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow-through Bridge Openings.” Applied Engineering Letters 6 (1): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2021.6.1.3.
Mulahasan, S. and Mohammed, A.Y. (2021). Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow-Through Bridge Openings. Applied Engineering Letters, 6(1), pp.21–28.
doi: 10.18485/aeletters.2021.6.1.3.
Journal Menu
Archive
HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOW-THROUGH BRIDGE OPENINGS
Authors:
Saad Mulahasan1, Ahmed Y. Mohammed2
1Al-Mustansiriyah University, Water Resources Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq
2University of Mosul, College of Engineering, Dams and Water Resources Department, Mosul, Iraq
Received: 31.01.2021.
Accepted: 10.03.2021.
Available: 31.03.2021.
Abstract:
Flow-through a bridge opening may run either partially or fully. In this research, backwater rise, hydraulic loss coefficient, and drag coefficient for two bridge models and three flow conditions are investigated. Based on the dimensional analysis theory, an equation was developed to calculate the water level difference Δh between the upstream and the downstream for the bridge models. Results showed that the derived equation of the backwater rise is valuable to the experimental data which showed a percentage error not exceed 5%. The hydraulic loss coefficient CL and the drag coefficient CD were calculated. The drag coefficient values for the lateral constriction models are ranged from 0.5 to 2.0, and for the submerged bridge, the model was in the range of (0.5-3.5) with an average of 2.1. The impact of the blockage ratio on the hydraulic loss coefficient showed an increase of 1-2 times when the blockage was changed from 0.70 to 0.483.
Keywords
Loss coefficient; bridge opening; open channel flow, pier, drag coefficients
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Volume 9
Number 3
September 2024
Last Edition
Volume 9
Number 3
September 2024