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DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY FOR KERNEL-SHELL EXTRACTION ON ROTATING INCLINE

Authors:

Eyitope I. Alade1

, Olufemi A. Koya1, Olakunle Kayode2, Rasheed A. Adetona3

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
3Department of Mathematics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Received: 03.02.2020.
Accepted: 18.03.2020.
Available: 31.03.2020.

Abstract:

Separation theory describing the motions of palm kernel and shell on rotating incline was analysed. Two series of differential equations, in order to obtain the dispatch angles of kernel and shell for the separation process were developed respectively. The differences in the motions and physical features of the particles formed the premise for separation. The results obtained from the theory showed a possibility of product separation within the approximate ranges of dispatch angles between 25 and 900 for kernels and shells on rotating incline, with specified slide limit, angular velocity and radius of the incline, and comparisons were made between the theoretical and experimental results. The dispatch angles obtained from both theory and experiment reasonably showed significant agreement and therefore suggested validity of the developed theory.

Keywords:

Separation theory, Rotating incline, Dry separation, Dispatch angles, Kernel

References:

[1] J. O. Olaoye, T. Adekanye, Properties influencing cracking and separation of palm nuts in a mechanical cracker cum separator. Croat. J. Food Sci. Technol., 10(1), 2018: 42-50. https://doi.org/10.17508/CJFST.2018.10. 1.07
[2] K.C. Umani, O.M. Olatunji, I.E. Ekop, G.E. Akpan, Experimental investigation of the effect of rotor speed of a horizontal shaft centrifugal palm nut cracker on optimum whole kernel production and shell particle size. Scientific African 7, 2020: e00238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00238
[3] S.B. Udo, A.F. Adisa, S.O. Ismaila, S.B. Adejuyigbe, Performance evaluation of a palm kernel nut cracking machine, J. Nat. Sci. Eng. Technol., 14(1), 2015: 111-116.
[4] F.A. Oluwole, M.B. Oumarou, G.M. Ngala, Dynamics of centrifugal impact nut cracker, Int. J. Res. Stud. Sci. Eng. Technol., 3(1), 2016, 15-21.
[5] O. Adewale, O. Koya, A rotary separator for the dry mixture of palm kernel and shell. Innov. Systems Design Engin., 5 (7), 2014: 32-43.
[6] J.J. Olie, T.D. Tjeng, Kernel recovery in the extraction of palm oil. The Netherlands Stork, Amsterdam, Amstelveen, 1974, pp.3-762.
[7] C.O. Akubuo, B.E. Eje, Palm kernel and shell separator. Biosystems Engineering, 81(2), 2002: 193-199. https://doi.org/10.1006/bioe.2001.0029
[8] FAO, Small scale palm oil processing in Africa. Food and Agricultural Organisation. Agricultural Services Bulletin, 148, 2005, 18-24.
[9] O.A. Koya, M.O. Faborode, Separation theory for palm kernel and shell mixture on a spinning disc. Biosystems Engineering, 95(3), 2006: 405-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.07.005
[10] M.H. Rohaya, A.B. Nasrin, Y.M. Chao, A.N. Ma, N. Ravi, A Commercial Scale Implementation of Rolek™ Palm Nut Cracker Techno-Economic Viability Study for Production of Shell-Free Kernel. Journal of Oil Palm Research, Vol. Special Issue, 2006: 153-167.
[11] J.Y. Amoah, M. Aggey, S. Annumu, Crackedmixture sieving rates and efficiencies in smallscale palm nut processing in Ghana. Ghana Journal of Science, 47, 2007: 69-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjs.v47i1.15926
[12] A. A. Aderinlewo, A. A. Agboola, O. J. Adeosun, E. S. A. Ajisegiri, A. F. Adisa. Investigation of Separation of Palm Kernel and Shell on an Inclined Plane Separator. Acta Technica Corviniensis – Bulletin of Engineering, XI(2), 2018:135-137.
[13] K. Poku, Small-Scale Palm Oil Processing in Africa, FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin. Publishing Management Service – Information Division, FAO, Rome, 2002, pp.56.
[14] A.T. Olasumboye, O.A. Koya, A rotary separator for the dry mixture of palm kernel and shell. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, 5(7), 2014: 32-41.
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[17] O.A. Koya, M.O. Faborode, Mathematical modelling of palm nut cracking based on hertz’s theory. Biosystems Engineering, 91(4), 2005: 471-478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.05.011
[18] R. F. Steidel, Jr. Mechanics of Solids, in: Marks’ Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, Avallone, E.A. and Baumeister III. T. (Eds.), 10th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996, pp. 3-9.
[19] O.A. Koya, A. Idowu, M.O. Faborode, Physical properties of palm kernel and shell relevant in nut cracking and product separation. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, 12, 2004: 27-39.
[20] O.A. Koya, Studies of the mechanics of cracking and centrifugal separation of palm kernel and shell mixture. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria, 2004.
[21] E.I. Alade, Performance Modelling of an Integrated Palm-Nut Cracker and Kernel-Shell Separator. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria, 2017.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Volume 9
Number 1
March 2024

Last Edition

Volume 9
Number 1
March 2024

How to Cite

E.I. Alade, O.A. Koya, O. Kayode, R.A. Adetona, Development of Theory for Kernel-Shell Extraction on Rotating Incline. Applied Engineering Letters,  5(1), 2020: 31–37. https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2020.5.1.5

More Citation Formats

Eyitope Israel Alade, Koya, O. A., Olakunle Kayode, & Rasaq Adetona. (2020). Development of Theory for Kernel-Shell Extraction on Rotating Incline. Applied Engineering Letters.  5(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2020.5.1.5

Eyitope Israel Alade, et al. “Development of Theory for Kernel-Shell Extraction on Rotating Incline.” Applied Engineering Letters, vol. 5, no. 1, 2020, pp. 31–37, https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2020.5.1.5.

Eyitope Israel Alade, O A Koya, Olakunle Kayode, and Rasaq Adetona. 2020. “Development of Theory for Kernel-Shell Extraction on Rotating Incline.” Applied Engineering Letters 5 (1): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2020.5.1.5.

Eyitope Israel Alade, Koya, O.A., Olakunle Kayode and Rasaq Adetona (2020). Development of Theory for Kernel-Shell Extraction on Rotating Incline. Applied Engineering Letters, 5(1), pp.31–37. doi: 10.18485/aeletters.2020.5.1.5.

DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY FOR KERNEL-SHELL EXTRACTION ON ROTATING INCLINE

Authors:

Eyitope I. Alade1

, Olufemi A. Koya1, Olakunle Kayode2, Rasheed A. Adetona3

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
3Department of Mathematics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Received: 03.02.2020.
Accepted: 18.03.2020.
Available: 31.03.2020.

Abstract:

Separation theory describing the motions of palm kernel and shell on rotating incline was analysed. Two series of differential equations, in order to obtain the dispatch angles of kernel and shell for the separation process were developed respectively. The differences in the motions and physical features of the particles formed the premise for separation. The results obtained from the theory showed a possibility of product separation within the approximate ranges of dispatch angles between 25 and 900 for kernels and shells on rotating incline, with specified slide limit, angular velocity and radius of the incline, and comparisons were made between the theoretical and experimental results. The dispatch angles obtained from both theory and experiment reasonably showed significant agreement and therefore suggested validity of the developed theory.

Keywords:

Separation theory, Rotating incline, Dry separation, Dispatch angles, Kernel

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Volume 9
Number 1
March 2024

Last Edition

Volume 9
Number 1
March 2024