In scientific publishing, plagiarism arises when the author uses the scientific material of another author without permission, credit, or acknowledgement. Plagiarism, where someone assumes another’s ideas, words, or other creative expression, clearly violates scientific ethics. Plagiarism may also involve a violation of copyright law. Plagiarism takes different forms, from literal copying to paraphrasing another work.

Plagiarism includes the following:

• Word-for-word, or almost word-for-word copying, or purposely paraphrasing portions of another author’s work without clearly indicating the source or marking the copied fragment (for example, using quotation marks).
• Copying equations, figures or tables from someone else’s paper without properly citing the source and/or without permission from the original author or copyright holder.

The procedure for publishing papers before publication requires that every manuscript be checked for plagiarism. The first time when submitting the paper, the second time after positive reviews, and before making a decision about accepting. Plagiarism Checker X 2024 software is used to check manuscripts for plagiarism. Any manuscript with indications of plagiarism will be automatically rejected per the Retraction Policy of the journal Advanced Engineering Letters.