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A comparative evaluation of the properties of eggshell-polyvinyl chloride films obtained by solution casting and co-precipitation techniques
Authors:
Ganka Kolchakova1
, Dimitrina Kiryakova1
1Departament of Materials Science, Burgas State University “Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov”, Bulgaria
Received: 29 June 2025
Revised: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
Published: 30 September 2025
Abstract:
This paper investigates the impact of the production methods on the tensile and thermal characteristics of polyvinyl chloride composite films. Untreated and vinyltrimethoxysilane-treated eggshells at various concentrations were utilized as fillers. The films are obtained via solution casting and co-precipitation techniques, and their tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus were compared. The results indicate that the co-precipitation method ensures better dispersion of the filler in the polyvinyl chloride matrix, and films have almost twice as high values of tensile strength (up to 7.46 MPa) and Young’s modulus (up to 59.27 MPa) compared to those produced via solution casting (4.11 MPa and 34.5 MPa, respectively). The treatment of eggshells with vinyltrimethoxysilane enhances interfacial adhesion and further improves these characteristics. It was found for film 1:2 – polyvinyl chloride (PVC): vinyltrimethoxysilane-treated eggshell (VTMS-ES), an increase of about 30°C in the initial temperature of thermal degradation and a 12% reduction in mass loss compared to the same composition with untreated eggshells.
Keywords:
Waste eggshells, Polyvinyl chloride, Solution casting, Co-precipitation, Tensile properties, Thermal properties
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© 2025 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Volume 10
Number 3
September 2025
Last Edition
Volume 10
Number 3
September 2025
How to Cite
G. Kolchakova, D. Kiryakova, A Comparative Evaluation of the Properties of Eggshell-Polyvinyl Chloride Films Obtained by Solution Casting and Co-Precipitation Techniques. Applied Engineering Letters, 10(3), 2025: 136-145.
https://doi.org/10.46793/aeletters.2025.10.3.2
More Citation Formats
Using lean manufacturing to improve process efficiency in a fabrication company
Authors:
Andra Maria Popa1
, Kapil Gupta1
1University of Johannesburg, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, Johannesburg, South Africa
Received: 29 June 2024
Revised: 20 September 2024
Accepted: 26 September 2024
Published: 30 September 2024
Abstract:
This article presents a case study on improving process efficiency in a mining equipment part fabrication company. The company was facing issues concerning communication, organisation, and workflow processes. This study investigated that ineffective communication among departments was the major weakness which was responsible for the long lead or idle time. This lead time was a waste that affected the company’s productivity. A great amount of time was spent on non-value-added processes. The Kanban Centralised Communication System was implemented. Time study and value stream mapping were also used. A significant improvement in process efficiency from 34% to 85% was achieved by reducing lead time from 4200 minutes to 1680 minutes after streamlining the communication in the company using Kanban.
Keywords:
Lean manufacturing, Kanban, Optimization, Process efficiency, Production lead time, Value stream mapping
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© 2024 by the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Volume 10
Number 3
September 2025
Last Edition
Volume 10
Number 3
September 2025
How to Cite
V.H. Quan, Research and Optimization of Sport Utility Vehicle Aerodynamic Design. Applied Engineering Letters, 9(2), 2024: 105-115.
https://doi.org/10.46793/aeletters.2024.9.2.5
More Citation Formats
Quan, V.H. (2024). Research and Optimization of Sport Utility Vehicle Aerodynamic Design. Applied Engineering Letters, 9(2), 105-115.
https://doi.org/10.46793/aeletters.2024.9.2.5
Quan, Vu Hai, “Research and Optimization of Sport Utility Vehicle Aerodynamic Design.“ Applied Engineering Letters, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 2024, 105-115.
https://doi.org/10.46793/aeletters.2024.9.2.5
Quan, Vu Hai, 2024. “Research and Optimization of Sport Utility Vehicle Aerodynamic Design.“ Applied Engineering Letters, 9 (2):105-115.
https://doi.org/10.46793/aeletters.2024.9.2.5
Quan, V.H. (2024). Research and Optimization of Sport Utility Vehicle Aerodynamic Design. Applied Engineering Letters, 9(2), pp. 105-115.
doi: 10.46793/aeletters.2024.9.2.5.